Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Monday, February 27, 2012
Sunday, February 26, 2012
Friday, February 24, 2012
Wednesday, February 22, 2012
Tuesday, February 21, 2012
Study on The Carbon Footprint of Textiles – Berlin | July 5th, 2010
http://www.ci-romero.de/fileadmin/media/informieren-themen/gruene_mode/Jungmichel._Systain.pdf
http://www.ci-romero.de/fileadmin/media/informieren-themen/gruene_mode/Jungmichel._Systain.pdf
Monday, February 20, 2012
Design Lessons From India's Poorest Neighborhoods
Interesting article!
Thursday, February 16, 2012
How can a gallon of gasoline produce 20 pounds of CO2?
It seems impossible that a gallon of gasoline, which weighs about 6.3 pounds, could produce 20 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) when burned. However, most of the weight of the CO2 doesn't come from the gasoline itself, but the oxygen in the air.
When gasoline burns, the carbon and hydrogen separate. The hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water (H2O), and carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2).
CO2 molecule with one carbon atom (atomic weight 12) and two oxygen atoms (atomic weight of 16 each)A carbon atom has a weight of 12, and each oxygen atom has a weight of 16, giving each single molecule of CO2 an atomic weight of 44 (12 from carbon and 32 from oxygen).
Therefore, to calculate the amount of CO2 produced from a gallon of gasoline, the weight of the carbon in the gasoline is multiplied by 44/12 or 3.7.
Since gasoline is about 87% carbon and 13% hydrogen by weight, the carbon in a gallon of gasoline weighs 5.5 pounds (6.3 lbs. x .87).
We can then multiply the weight of the carbon (5.5 pounds) by 3.7, which equals 20 pounds of CO2!
It seems impossible that a gallon of gasoline, which weighs about 6.3 pounds, could produce 20 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) when burned. However, most of the weight of the CO2 doesn't come from the gasoline itself, but the oxygen in the air.
When gasoline burns, the carbon and hydrogen separate. The hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water (H2O), and carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2).
CO2 molecule with one carbon atom (atomic weight 12) and two oxygen atoms (atomic weight of 16 each)A carbon atom has a weight of 12, and each oxygen atom has a weight of 16, giving each single molecule of CO2 an atomic weight of 44 (12 from carbon and 32 from oxygen).
Therefore, to calculate the amount of CO2 produced from a gallon of gasoline, the weight of the carbon in the gasoline is multiplied by 44/12 or 3.7.
Since gasoline is about 87% carbon and 13% hydrogen by weight, the carbon in a gallon of gasoline weighs 5.5 pounds (6.3 lbs. x .87).
We can then multiply the weight of the carbon (5.5 pounds) by 3.7, which equals 20 pounds of CO2!
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
spray-chalk from abrivo sports
Advice from a forum about chalk on Instructables.com
Quick chalk/construction lesson for anyone interested:
Hardware stores especially the bigger contractor oriented ones sell powdered chalk. You can buy it in sizes and bottles like your old fashioned ketchup or mustard squeeze bottle, or in sizes/shapes equivalent to the costco/price club jumbo size condiment squeeze bottles.
The most easily found are blue, red, black and white.
Blue fades the quickest, which is useful for things that will get painted or where you want to be able to wash it off or simply don't want the chalk to transfer from one surface to another.
Red is more durable and harder to clean off and can transfer.
Black is not really chalk and it contains graphite, among other things IRC, and is the longest lasting. It transfers. If you're not careful it can be like cancer; once it starts spreading, you can't stop it.
Black and red require real scrubbing when you get them on your skin; especially black.
In concrete forming we tend to use black and red, but we will use blue chalk on the surfaces of the forms if the concrete will be left exposed ('architectural'), this way if chalk transfers from the plywood to the concrete, it will be more easily removed and/or less noticeable.
I've only ever used white chalk once when I had to cut out some relatively fresh asphalt (the other colours don't show so well on the black surface). I cut up those chalk lines, so they didn't have a chance to last so I can't tell you anything about durability, but I assume it's like the blue, because it's "real" chalk.
When we need chalk lines to stand up to the weather (longer term layout purposes), we use a clear marking paint (spray can that works inverted, usually in day-glo colours) to seal it (or we use an acrylic sealant with can spray can like they pest control people use). But that might be bordering on vandalism.
If you need colours not found in the hardware store, you can buy buckets of chalk 1" diameter in assorted colours, in toy departments, this chalk may get you in less trouble than construction chalk and it's probably much less durable.
If you wanted, you could use something like a coffee grinder, blender or food processor to powder chalk sticks (start with a 'crush ice' setting) - maybe fold them in a cloth and break 'em up a bit with a hammer first.
Advice from a forum about chalk on Instructables.com
Quick chalk/construction lesson for anyone interested:
Hardware stores especially the bigger contractor oriented ones sell powdered chalk. You can buy it in sizes and bottles like your old fashioned ketchup or mustard squeeze bottle, or in sizes/shapes equivalent to the costco/price club jumbo size condiment squeeze bottles.
The most easily found are blue, red, black and white.
Blue fades the quickest, which is useful for things that will get painted or where you want to be able to wash it off or simply don't want the chalk to transfer from one surface to another.
Red is more durable and harder to clean off and can transfer.
Black is not really chalk and it contains graphite, among other things IRC, and is the longest lasting. It transfers. If you're not careful it can be like cancer; once it starts spreading, you can't stop it.
Black and red require real scrubbing when you get them on your skin; especially black.
In concrete forming we tend to use black and red, but we will use blue chalk on the surfaces of the forms if the concrete will be left exposed ('architectural'), this way if chalk transfers from the plywood to the concrete, it will be more easily removed and/or less noticeable.
I've only ever used white chalk once when I had to cut out some relatively fresh asphalt (the other colours don't show so well on the black surface). I cut up those chalk lines, so they didn't have a chance to last so I can't tell you anything about durability, but I assume it's like the blue, because it's "real" chalk.
When we need chalk lines to stand up to the weather (longer term layout purposes), we use a clear marking paint (spray can that works inverted, usually in day-glo colours) to seal it (or we use an acrylic sealant with can spray can like they pest control people use). But that might be bordering on vandalism.
If you need colours not found in the hardware store, you can buy buckets of chalk 1" diameter in assorted colours, in toy departments, this chalk may get you in less trouble than construction chalk and it's probably much less durable.
If you wanted, you could use something like a coffee grinder, blender or food processor to powder chalk sticks (start with a 'crush ice' setting) - maybe fold them in a cloth and break 'em up a bit with a hammer first.
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
clouds by ronan and erwan bouroullec
Crap and its shadowMonday, February 13, 2012
Wednesday, February 08, 2012
Tuesday, February 07, 2012
Bator's article talks specifically about how to change people's attitudes about the environment. Try to get a look at it to talk about by next week if not by tomorrow. - Liz
Friday, February 03, 2012
Moving up the foodchain:
If you are concerned that your turning off lights, recycling paper, etc., doesn't make a significant difference, your audience may feel that way about their own actions -- at least I think we all agreed to this concern in our discussion Wednesday.
How can you help your audience move "up the foodchain" of influence? What if you gave visitors to the exhibition signs to post outside elevators reminding OTHER people to take the stairs and use less energy? How else could you empower them to influence others?
If you are concerned that your turning off lights, recycling paper, etc., doesn't make a significant difference, your audience may feel that way about their own actions -- at least I think we all agreed to this concern in our discussion Wednesday.
How can you help your audience move "up the foodchain" of influence? What if you gave visitors to the exhibition signs to post outside elevators reminding OTHER people to take the stairs and use less energy? How else could you empower them to influence others?
Wednesday, February 01, 2012
Liz's favorites on flickr
Some of these images are part of much larger bodies of work, so if something appeals to you, click on the photographer's photostream on the right side of the screen.
Some of these images are part of much larger bodies of work, so if something appeals to you, click on the photographer's photostream on the right side of the screen.
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